The Type out loud course was accompanied by three workshops, each developed by a group of students for everyone else. Under the theme Affirmation, the two manifestos first things first—the original from 1963 and its cover version from 2000—provided the impetus for a discussion on the avant-garde, social responsibility, and commercial mainstream. In an elaborate workflow, passages of text were repeatedly combined with corresponding images. They were either disciplined by a predetermined grid or arbitrarily arranged and colored according to layer. In less than two hours, the result was a compositionally conscious design study with a clear message.